ABSTRACT
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a primary cause of blindness in which damage occurs to the retina due to an accretion of sugar levels in the blood. Therefore, prior detection, classification, and diagnosis of DR can prevent vision loss in diabetic patients. We proposed a novel and hybrid approach for prior DR detection and classification. We combined distinctive models to make the DR detection process robust or less error-prone while determining the classification based on the majority voting method. The proposed work follows preprocessing feature extraction and classification steps. The preprocessing step enhances abnormality presence as well as segmentation; the extraction step acquires merely relevant features; and the classification step uses classifiers such as support vector machine (SVM), K-nearest neighbour (KNN), and binary trees (BT).